We really ought to establish charges for GP, A&E and even overnight stays in hospitals. Prescription charges were introduced because demand was too high and people would get medicines they didn't need e.g. paracetamol.
A Government serious about 'fixing' healthcare provision in the UK needs to consider getting as many younger people on PHI and incentivised via employers or tax rebates and so on. This government is already doing by the back door by getting private sector practices to fill the gaps - at significant cost to the tax payer.
But have you thought that through?
You charge for GP, A+E etc. and what you're basically doing is making healthcare inaccessible for the people that are most likely to need it - the poor and the elderly. The elderly often need multiple appointments so how much are they going to have to spend.? Basically you're advocating a cull of the poor, the sick and the elderly because they won't have access to the necessary healthcare services. It becomes wealthcare, not healthcare.
And a lot of the private healthcare is by the same doctors and consultants in the NHS, so it's not like you're increasing capacity, you're just moving it from the NHS to private healthcare.
What would be the admin costs and bureaucracy associated with collecting these fees?
I agree that having the NHS free at the point of delivery does make people complacent about their health and healthcare and we need to do something about that. People who go out and get drunk/do drugs/get in fights on a night out. can do so knowing that they will be cared for without additional cost to themselves. People eat crap and don't do enough exercise or take care of their bodies and that results in huge healthcare costs down the line.
But I think just charging a flat fee for a doctors appointment or an A+E visit isn't going to help matters. Those most in need of help would just not get it and then they end up being an even bigger and costly problem down the line.
Missing an appointment without a very good reason - fair enough (though I disagree with them being taken off the list if they miss an appointment as again it's not thinking long term as to what the consequences would be.
Charging people who get admitted due to alcohol/drugs or for injuries caused while under the influence of them, again I think that would be fine. If they are admitted three times due to alcohol or drug related issues they have to accept enrolment in an alcohol/drug abuse programme.
It would be useful to also be able to charge people that go to the doctor for trivial ailments, but I think that needs a huge amount of thought as it could very easily result in some of the most vulnerable people being put in difficulty. I mean, how many of us have made an appointment with a doctor only for the problem to not be apparent in that brief 10 minute window? Maybe there could be a points system and if the person makes an appointment for something trivial they get points added to their record. Reach a certain number of points and you get fined. It would have to be a number of spurious appointments (say at least five) before the fines came in though. And I think you'd find that in cases where those fines came into play more often than not there would be some other issue, most likely mental or even just isolation and loneliness, that would be the cause.